What Is Bourbon Virus?
Bourbon virus is a rare virus believed to spread through the bite of an infected tick. It was first identified in 2014 in Bourbon County, Kansas, and cases have since been identified in the Midwest, South, and along the East Coast.
News reports have frequently described Bourbon virus as “incurable” or “untreatable.” A more medically precise explanation is that there is currently:
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No vaccine to prevent Bourbon virus disease
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No specific antiviral medicine that cures it
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No widely available commercial test routinely used by doctors
Because Bourbon virus is viral, antibiotics such as doxycycline—which are commonly used to treat certain bacterial tick-borne illnesses—do not treat the infection. Patients may instead receive supportive care, including fluids and treatment for pain, fever, nausea, or other symptoms. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
What Symptoms Can Bourbon Virus Cause?
Symptoms reported among people diagnosed with Bourbon virus have included:
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Fever
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Severe fatigue
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Headache
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Body aches
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Rash
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Nausea
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Vomiting
Laboratory testing may also show unusually low white blood cell or platelet counts. These symptoms can resemble ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, and other tick-borne illnesses, making Bourbon virus difficult to recognize without specialized testing.
Anyone who develops fever, rash, unusual fatigue, severe headache, or flu-like symptoms following a tick bite or outdoor exposure should contact a healthcare professional and mention the possibility of tick exposure.
Which Tick Is Associated With Bourbon Virus?
The lone star tick, scientifically known as Amblyomma americanum, is the tick most closely associated with Bourbon virus.
Adult female lone star ticks are recognized by the distinct white spot in the center of their backs. Males have scattered pale markings but do not have the female’s single prominent dot. Nymphs are much smaller—approximately the size of a poppy seed—and can be difficult to detect on the skin.
Unlike ticks that remain still and wait for a passing host, lone star ticks are active host-seekers. They may move across the ground toward people or animals after detecting movement, heat, or carbon dioxide.
Pennsylvania identifies Bourbon virus among the pathogens associated with lone star ticks. The state reports that lone star nymphs are generally active from May through early August, while adult activity is strongest during the spring and early summer.
Is Bourbon Virus a Concern in the Delaware Valley?
The confirmed New York case does not mean that a Bourbon virus outbreak has been declared in the Philadelphia area. However, it reinforces the importance of tick awareness throughout the Northeast.
Lone star ticks are established in parts of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania health officials have reported that neighboring states have detected Bourbon virus in environmentally collected lone star ticks.
New Jersey considers the lone star tick one of the state’s two tick species of greatest public-health importance, along with the blacklegged or deer tick.
People do not have to travel deep into the wilderness to encounter ticks. Exposure can occur in:
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Residential yards
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Parks and walking trails
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Wooded property edges
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Tall grass and weeds
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Leaf litter
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Brushy landscaping
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Areas frequently visited by deer
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Outdoor workplaces
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Properties bordering vacant or overgrown land
Ticks may also be carried into yards and buildings by dogs, wildlife, clothing, landscaping materials, and outdoor equipment.
Bourbon Virus Is Not the Only Lone Star Tick Concern
The lone star tick is associated with several additional medical concerns, including ehrlichiosis, tularemia, Heartland virus, Southern tick-associated rash illness, and alpha-gal syndrome.
Alpha-gal syndrome is a potentially serious allergy to a sugar found in most mammalian meat and products derived from mammals. It may develop after certain tick bites and can cause delayed allergic reactions after eating beef, pork, lamb, or other mammalian products.
Not every lone star tick carries a disease-causing organism, and not every tick bite leads to illness. Nevertheless, preventing bites remains important because it is impossible to determine simply by looking at a tick whether it is carrying a pathogen.
How to Reduce the Risk of Tick Bites
When spending time outdoors:
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Use an EPA-registered repellent labeled for ticks.
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Apply permethrin products to clothing and gear according to the label, never directly to the skin.
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Wear long pants, socks, and closed shoes in wooded or brushy areas.
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Wear lighter-colored clothing so crawling ticks are easier to see.
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Stay near the center of maintained trails.
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Avoid brushing against tall grass, shrubs, and vegetation whenever possible.
After outdoor activity:
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Check your entire body for ticks.
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Examine the waistline, underarms, behind the knees, groin, scalp, hairline, and behind the ears.
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Check children and pets carefully.
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Shower soon after returning indoors.
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Examine backpacks, shoes, jackets, and outdoor equipment.
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Place dry clothing in a dryer on high heat to help kill ticks that may be hiding in the fabric.
Young ticks can be extremely small, so a thorough inspection is essential.
Making Your Property Less Attractive to Ticks
Tick prevention also begins with the conditions around a property.
Ticks thrive in shaded, humid areas with leaf litter, dense vegetation, tall grass, brush, and wildlife activity. Reducing these conditions can help limit the areas where people, pets, and ticks are likely to come into contact.
Property-maintenance measures may include:
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Keeping grass regularly trimmed
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Removing accumulated leaves and brush
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Cutting back overgrown vegetation
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Increasing sunlight around heavily shaded areas
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Separating recreational spaces from wooded edges
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Moving outdoor furniture and play equipment away from dense vegetation
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Discouraging deer and rodents from remaining near occupied areas
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Maintaining a clean buffer between lawns and wooded property edges
No single step can guarantee a tick-free property. Effective tick management generally requires several coordinated measures.
How Evans Pest Control Approaches Tick Management
Evans Pest Control uses an Integrated Pest Management approach to help reduce tick activity around homes, businesses, apartment communities, outdoor work areas, and other properties.
Rather than treating every part of a property in the same manner, an IPM-based tick program focuses on the locations most likely to support tick activity.
This may include:
Property inspection
Technicians evaluate shaded vegetation, leaf litter, brushy borders, fence lines, groundcover, wildlife routes, outdoor gathering areas, and transitions between maintained lawns and wooded environments.
Tick identification
Identifying the species and life stage can help determine when ticks are most active, where they are likely to be found, and which environmental conditions may be contributing to their presence.
Habitat recommendations
Customers may receive practical recommendations concerning grass, vegetation, leaf litter, woodpiles, wildlife activity, yard edges, pet areas, and other potential tick habitats.
Targeted treatment
Where appropriate, products may be applied according to label directions in carefully selected areas where ticks are likely to rest or encounter hosts.
Monitoring and seasonal prevention
Tick activity changes with species, weather, habitat, wildlife, and time of year. Follow-up service can help address seasonal activity and newly developing conditions.
Professional tick management can reduce tick populations and the likelihood of encounters, but it cannot eliminate every tick or guarantee that a bite or illness will never occur. Personal precautions and routine tick checks remain essential.
Awareness Is the Best First Line of Defense
The first confirmed Bourbon virus case in New York is not a reason to panic, but it is a serious reminder that the variety and geographic reach of tick-borne diseases continue to change.
Residents and businesses throughout Philadelphia, Bucks County, Montgomery County, Delaware County, Chester County, South Jersey, and the surrounding Delaware Valley should remain alert—particularly during warm-weather months when people, pets, and outdoor workers spend more time in tick habitat.
Concerned about ticks around your property? Contact Evans Pest Control for a professional inspection and practical tick-management recommendations.
Professional pest-management services for homes and businesses throughout Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.
Evans Pest Control provides pest-management services and does not diagnose or treat tick-borne illnesses. Contact a qualified healthcare professional regarding symptoms, tick bites, or medical concerns.
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A rare tick-borne illness called Bourbon virus has been confirmed in New York. Learn about its symptoms, the lone star tick, prevention, and tick control in the Delaware Valley.